The Pulse

Part 3: What about My Clinical Judgement?

We bring our EBP series discussion to a close with consideration of clinical expertise/expert opinion. This component of the triangle may be defined as “The knowledge, judgment, and critical reasoning acquired through [your] training and professional experiences” (ASHA, 2020).

Heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States with greater than 600,000 deaths attributed each year. Along with other conditions such as diabetes and obesity, heart disease may lead to heart failure which affects 6.2 million Americans per year (CDC, 2020).

Patient Information: Male, Age 91

Diagnosis: Parkinson’s Disease / Oropharyngeal Dysphagia /
COVID-19

History: This gentleman, a long-term resident of a skilled nursing facility, was diagnosed one and a half years ago with oropharyngeal dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), a complication of his Parkinson’s disease. Since that time he has had known aspiration (liquids entering the airway), altered diet, hospitalization for aspiration pneumonia, and COVID-19. Due to his complaint of his liquids being too thick, he requested to participate in swallowing therapy for possible return to thin liquids. As a result, swallowing evaluation and resultant therapy was initiated.

Part 2: Implementing Internal and External Evidence

We began our discussion on employing evidence-based practice (EBP) in swallowing rehabilitation during the spring newsletter, with careful consideration for upholding ethics in treatment and focusing on patient perspective. Let’s continue by delving deeper into incorporation of evidence in dysphagia therapy. ASHA defines the implementation of evidence as “The best available information gathered from the scientific literature (external evidence) and from data and observations collected on your individual client (internal evidence).” ASHA’s recommended EBP process includes the following steps: Frame the clinical question, gather evidence, assess the evidence, and make the clinical decision (ASHA 2020).

Not unique to the field of Speech-Language Pathology, integration of Evidence Based Practice (EBP) is a hot topic and is essential in ensuring we are practicing at the top of our profession. Let’s begin by reviewing the three characteristics comprising the EBP triangle as outlined by the National Joint Committee for the Needs of Persons with Disabilities (NJC): (a) clinical expertise/expert opinion, (b) external scientific evidence, and (c) the perspectives of individuals with severe disabilities and their families and friends to provide high-quality services reflecting the interests, values, needs, and choices of the individuals we serve (NJC, n.d.). Over the next few months, we will discuss each of these areas in more detail. Although patient value and perspective is listed last, we will address this first, as this is an area worth consistent reflection and application.

According to the CDC, falls are common among older adults with 36 million occurring each year and more than 8 million requiring medical attention. Among those with Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, stroke, and those experiencing impaired strength, coordination, and balance after prolonged hospitalization falls are also common. Individuals with or recovering from COVID-19 may also have these impairments and are at an increased risk of falls.

Collaboration to provide ability to monitor, manage and analyze vital signs from post-acute care patients

RENO, Nev. – Dec. 1, 2020 – Accelerated Care Plus (ACP), a Hanger, Inc. (NYSE: HNGR) company, today announced a partnership with Current Health, a global leader in remote healthcare delivery. ACP, the nation’s leading provider of specialized rehabilitation technologies and evidence-based clinical solutions for post-acute providers, will distribute Current Health’s remote monitoring platform, co-branded as OmniVitals Powered by Current Health, to the post-acute care market through ACP’s network of more than 7,000 post-acute care facilities.

According to the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), five million Americans are affected by chronic wounds each year. Chronic wounds are those that do not show measurable progress in wound healing with standard nursing care in 30 days. Individuals with diabetes, disability, and the elderly are among those at highest risk.

Patient Information: Male, Age 75

Patient Information: Male, Age 81

Diagnosis: COVID-19 / Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure

History: This gentleman was referred to a skilled nursing facility for rehabilitation services due to severe debility and confusion after hospitalization for COVID-19. During hospitalization, he was found to have acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (not enough oxygen in the blood), as a result of COVID-19, and was intubated (placement of an artificial airway into the trachea) and placed on a ventilator (life support to assist breathing). During treatment he received convalescent plasma which led to removal of mechanical ventilation, but he required oxygen supplementation of three liters. Prior to his diagnosis of COVID-19, he lived at home with his wife and walked independently, no oxygen supplementation was needed.